![]() 表達技術 (expressive techniques) Projective Drawing 完成技術 (completion techniques) Sentence Completion Test 4). 結構技術 (construction techniques) TAT(Thematic Apperception Test) 3). 聯想技術 (association techniques) Rorschach, Word association 2). The Projective Test: Hypothesis The projective hypothesis (Lawrence Frank, 1939): When people try to understand vague or ambiguous unstructured stimuli, the interpretation they produce reflects their needs, feelings, experience, prior conditioning, thought processes Shakespeare, Hamlet, II.ii: "Nothing is either good or bad, but thinking makes it so." Projective Tests: Tell Me What You See Projective tests: unstructured,relatively subjective measures of personality Derived from psychoanalytic perspective unconscious urges/desires reflected on images Most famous Rorschach Inkblot Test Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) Generally less reliable and valid in measuring personality New approach:More structured,More objective Objective tests: Mark Which One Describes You Objective paper and pencil self-report forms Most commonly used - Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2 , 16pf, MBTI) Purpose: identify problem areas in functioning, perhaps requiring therapy Compare to norm group (with and without psychiatric disorders) Problem with MMPI-2: honesty of person in answering questions validity scales built into test Unconscious or conscious needs, motives, interests, dynamics are projected onto ambiguous stimuli revealing internal dynamics or personality More challenging to score and interpret than objective Measuring Personality & Psychological Functioning Objective testing Specific questions or statements to which the person responds by using specific, fixed answers or a rating scale Scores tabulated and compared to reference groups Projective testing Ambiguous or unstructured stimuli to which client is asked to respond freely. Personality Tests Purpose Observe and describe the structure and content of personality – the characteristic ways an individual thinks, feels, behaves, and interacts Clarifies Diagnoses Problematic patterns of behavior Intra and interpersonal dynamics Treatment implications Can be objective or projective Measuring Personality Tests must be both reliable and valid Reliability: consistency, same results over period of time Test-retest reliability Internal consistency Validity: is the test measuring what it professes to measure does it really measure personality? ( High R ≠High V Construct Validity ) Face Validity 表面效度 Congruent Validity 相容效度 Discriminant Validity 判别效度 Behavioral Validity 行为效度 Measuring Personality Tests must be both reliable and valid Reliability: consistency, same results over period of time Test-retest."- Presentation transcript: Presentation on theme: "Personality Assessment.
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